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Programme: BEST 2.0+

Sowing in the Tuo Cèmuhi forest

Written by Erwin on .

Description: In New Caledonia, the project targeted the implementation of assisted natural regeneration strategies, specifically in the Tuo Cèmuhi Commune. Collaborating with the Pwö-i and Tiwae tribes, the project focused on a pilot approach using “low-tech” methods involving seed bombs to restore degraded natural environments. Local community members underwent comprehensive training encompassing seed collection, production, and implementation throughout the regeneration cycle. The project concentrated efforts within a watershed in the Tuo Cèmuhi Commune, where 50,874 seed bombs from 11 species were dispersed across 41 quadrants, each with an average density of 4.5 seed bombs/m2. Post-treatment observation revealed at least five seedlings per quadrat. A local representative received training in seed bomb production, securing essential equipment for self-reliance. This approach showcased a 79.5% cost efficiency compared to conventional restoration methods, benefiting 17 individuals through extensive training activities. The project’s primary objective remains the restoration of forest cover, thereby improving water resources, soil preservation, erosion control, and enhancing ecosystem biodiversity.

Duration: 19 months

Using seed bombs for the ecological restoration of degraded mining sites

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Description: The project aimed to restore degraded and threatened ultramafic environments due to mining activities, seeking to preserve their unique plant biodiversity characterised by an 82% endemism rate. Through innovative techniques involving seed coating with microbial biofertilizers using the seed bomb approach, native plant species tolerant to this process were carefully selected. Validation of this method occurred via a field test, concurrently integrating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inocula, developed through collaboration between the University of New Caledonia and Aura Pacifica, known for enhancing plant growth and metal tolerance. Baseline studies on 12 species across six treatments indicated a reduction in seed germination by 20-50%, yet the inclusion of bio-stimulants in the coating notably improved survival rates, cost-effectiveness, and plant density. Further field trials involved four selected species, refining germination rates, mycorrhizal frequency, and mitigating mold formation, thus advancing and optimising the seed bomb-based restoration techniques for degraded ultramafic ecosystems.

Duration: 19 months

Restoration of the Kamaka islet, refuge of the Gambier biodiversity

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Description: The Kamaka islet’s biodiversity restoration project employed an innovative method involving the application of “rodenticide” pesticides via drones, a pioneering endeavour in French Polynesia. Its primary goal was the eradication of invasive rats, aimed at enhancing community food security, mitigating disease risks, and facilitating the recovery of native biodiversity. Notably, the initiative created a sanctuary for globally endangered species and strengthened local capacity for managing invasive species. The successful execution of two eradication campaigns, utilising both drones and hand-baiting, distributed 7,183.65 KG of bait at a rate of 30 KG per hectare. Subsequent assessments confirmed the absence of rats, leading to a notable resurgence in seabird species (N = 13) and a decrease in seed predation (averaging 14.33 intact seeds per plot post-eradication). Crucially, the protection of cash crops from rat attacks resulted in increased agricultural production, benefiting the community. Moreover, 21 individuals participated in capacity-building activities, underscoring the comprehensive success achieved in ecosystem restoration and community development.

Duration: 23 months

Protection of the coastline: My heart is with the mangroves

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Description: The commune of Pwêêdi Wiimîâ faced extensive coastal erosion driven by climate change and rising sea levels, posing a threat to local residences and recreational zones. To counteract this, an integrated initiative was implemented, employing Nature-based Solutions including mangrove planting, strengthening shoreline vegetation, and multiplying seagrass beds to restore the deteriorating coastline. This project engaged the community in environmental awareness programmes, fostering active participation. Over 2,000 plants were cultivated across two nurseries, with 100 successfully planted across a 1-hectare area. Approximately 50 community members actively participated in the awareness programmes, contributing significantly to local involvement in combating coastal erosion. The project’s collaborative efforts aimed to restore and stabilise the coastline, preserving habitats and safeguarding against further erosion caused by rising ocean levels.

Duration: 15 months

Biodiversity conservation in the islets of North Wallis

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Description: The project aimed to safeguard North Wallis Islands’ biodiversity by preventing rat re-invasion, and preserving habitats for endangered species, particularly seabirds. It involved monitoring and supporting rat eradication by Wallis and Futuna’s environmental service. Subsequent surveys assessed bird, coconut crab, and marine turtle populations post-eradication. Stakeholders’ engagement targeted traditional chiefs, families, fishermen, and others to raise awareness about the islet’s biodiversity and rat prevention. Identified as critical biodiversity zones, the project focused on restoring the islets, especially areas with high marine bird concentrations. Notably, two rat eradication campaigns covering 0.49 km2 on two islets were completed. Validation of a seabird monitoring protocol and training of 17 members in bird monitoring facilitated comprehensive bird inventories for both islets. Twenty users were sensitised to biosecurity measures, ensuring comprehension of rat prevention strategies for the islets.

Duration: 19 months

Restoring and conserving Anguilla’s pollinators and degraded habitats to make them more resilient

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Description: The project aimed to strengthen Anguilla’s pollinator populations and habitats, diminishing controllable stressors to enhance their resilience. Baseline data on bees, butterflies, birds, and bats facilitated a rapid assessment, leading to the formulation of a comprehensive National Pollinator Strategy. Stakeholder involvement drove the installation of pollinator houses and the initiation of an Anguilla Pesticide Policy, favouring bio-pesticides over harmful chemicals. The implementation of both the National Pollinators Strategy and Pesticides Policy, resulted on conserving key pollinator habitats such as ponds, mangroves, forests, and caves. Biodiversity assessments engaged locals, fostering the establishment of an Anguilla beekeeping cooperative and educational training sessions. Workshops convened to present and propose these strategies to the Government Executive Council for adoption. A detailed assessment encompassing 129 species culminated in five comprehensive pollinator status reports, complemented by outreach activities that reached 1,121 community members, while 100 individuals received specialised training in pollinator assessment, identification, and beekeeping.

Duration: 18 months

Larval propagation: an innovative technique to scale up Bonaire’s reef restoration programme

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Description: The project aimed to restore deteriorated coral reef areas by employing active coral restoration techniques, primarily focusing on larval propagation to enhance genetic diversity and strengthen coral populations. Implemented within the Bonaire National Marine Park, the initiative sought to establish self-sustaining coral populations adaptable to changing environments. Notable achievements included constructing 24 functional nets for gamete collection and setting up a temporary ex-situ laboratory for spawning events. Over 8 million coral larvae were propagated, displaying an average fertilisation rate exceeding 80%. Additionally, 1,250 seeding units containing 22,500 settlers were successfully outplanted across a 1,200 m2 reef area. Introducing 24 new coral strains further enriched the genetic diversity within Bonaire’s nursery system. The project also facilitated the training of 39 individuals to support larval propagation fieldwork, fostering technical cooperation among experts. These efforts contributed significantly to the enhancement of coral reef health, function, and genetic diversity in Bonaire, solidifying the foundation for future conservation endeavours.

Duration: 17 months

Mangrove Restoration in Bonaire

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Description: Collaborating with Bonaire National Marine Park’s management authority (STINAPA), Súchit Internos spearheaded a comprehensive initiative to conserve and enhance mangrove biodiversity. Focused on hydrological restoration, erosion control, and reforestation, the project strategically addressed the threats faced by the largest mangrove forest in the Dutch Caribbean. Efforts were concentrated on optimising water circulation through the clearance of existing channels and the establishment of nurseries for red and black mangroves, increasing over 105,600 m2 of nursery space equipped with adequate water flow. Noteworthy accomplishments included the maintenance of 3.5 km of channels, re-opening 1,600 m2 of stagnant pond channels, and the construction of five nurseries, resulting in the collection of approximately 5,600 propagules and seeds. Pilot studies encompassing 11,130 m2 and out-planting trials in six coastal locations exhibited a 39.7% survival rate for at least 10 out-planted propagules. Refinements in methodology from these trials substantially elevated the average survival rate to 77% for 240 out-planted propagules, marking significant progress in mangrove restoration and biodiversity enhancement within the region.

Duration: 19 months

BROOKTROUTSPM: Improving the knowledge of the threatened brook trout and its habitat

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Description: The project focused on enhancing understanding and conserving the brook trout and its habitat in Saint-Pierre and Miquelon (SPM), renowned for its unique brook trout population. Insufficient knowledge regarding the species’ biology and ecology hampered effective management strategies. BROOKTROUTSPM conducted an extensive survey, analysing 300 brook trout across six target areas, covering 2.55 km2 of freshwater, unveiling critical spawning grounds. The findings revealed community interest in angling for brook trout above 40 cm, yet indicated limited potential for eco-tourism development. This grassroots initiative engaged local stakeholders, including anglers, students, and the public, offering essential data on brook trout biology crucial for understanding their life cycle and identifying vital conservation areas. Additionally, a detailed hydro-system classification of the archipelago was established, providing a spatial resolution of 5 m and 1 m, aiding habitat conservation efforts. The project’s outcomes laid the foundation for improved ecological connectivity, habitat restoration, and sustainable eco-tourism opportunities while addressing the scarcity of knowledge surrounding this species in SPM.

Duration: 19 months

Eradicating New Zealand Flax from Inaccessible Island World Heritage Site

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Description: The eradication project targeted the invasive New Zealand flax on Inaccessible Island, aiming to ensure the sustainable recovery of two native species. Inaccessible island, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, faced biodiversity threats from this invasive species, endangering the Island Cape Myrtle and unique bunting sub-species adapted to Phylica fruit. Removal efforts successfully eliminated approximately 3,226 out of 4,850 invasive flax plants, enhancing Tristanians’ capacity for rope-access removal techniques and facilitating eradication monitoring. This strengthened removal efficiency and empowered local capacity for future endeavours. Additionally, the project fostered collaboration and knowledge exchange with stakeholders from Saint Helena, engaging in effective strategies for invasive species management. These collective actions significantly contributed to conserving and enhancing the biodiversity of Inaccessible Island, mitigating the threats posed by invasive flax and securing the survival of endemic species, thus establishing a foundation for their sustainable recovery.

Duration: 18 months

Establishing a St Helena Biological Records System

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Description: The establishment of the St Helena Biological Records System (SHBRS) was pivotal, introducing a web portal and app to increase comprehension, awareness and knowledge of the island’s biodiversity. Aimed at informing environmental management and ecosystem-level conservation strategies, the project prioritised invertebrates and plants initially, fostering local capacity in biological recording, data management, and analysis. Through a citizen science initiative involving identified species across diverse taxa, the system underwent rigorous testing to support targeted conservation and biodiversity efforts. This initiative facilitated unprecedented access to the biological records system via the iRecord St Helena web portal and app, garnering widespread adoption among stakeholder groups. By the end of the project timeline, the database comprised 2,948 species entries as a functional baseline, allowing continual inclusion of new occurrence records. This significant advancement underscores enhanced capabilities in biological recording and data analysis, empowering informed decision-making for sustainable environmental preservation and emphasizing the project’s crucial role in advancing scientific knowledge and conservation efforts in St Helena.

Duration: 19 months

Restoration and conservation of Motley Island native peatland habitats

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Description: The re-vegetation project on Motley Island, owned by Falklands Conservation, addressed previous grazing and fire impacts, rehabilitating approximately 10 hectares of exposed peat soil. These areas are prone to erosion, threatened habitats, released carbon, and reduced carbon sequestration potential. The initiative aimed to restore biodiversity and combat the climate crisis by replanting native species, particularly by transplanting native plant tillers into bare peat regions. This practical conservation effort engaged community members, volunteers, and a youth group, facilitating environmental and biodiversity benefits at both national and global levels. Implementation involved planting tussac and blue grasses across 5.7 hectares of bare ground, achieving an initial survival rate of 87%. Additionally, safeguarding 49.4 hectares of inland vegetation from erosion was a notable achievement. The project succeeded in recruiting 213 volunteers, fostering robust participation in restoration activities. Moreover, a comprehensive management plan was developed and adopted to guide ongoing restoration and conservation endeavours on Motley Island.

Duration: 19 months

Research and management recommendations of the chiropterans in the Scattered Islands

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Description: The GCOI, supported by TAAF, undertook an acoustic bat inventory on Grande Glorieuse, Tromelin, and Europa islands within the Scattered Islands. The initiative aimed to identify bat species, understand their habitat utilisation and propose appropriate management strategies. Trained personnel deployed passive recorders sequentially on the islands, detecting the presence of two bat species using six acoustic detectors. Additionally, ten staff members received training, and active capture methods were employed to collect biological samples for genetic analysis, contributing to understanding the phylogeny of the species. This effort led to the formulation of management recommendations specifically for Chiroptera in the new Nature Reserve of the Glorieuse archipelago. Furthermore, a public awareness campaign was conducted to disseminate the study’s findings and promote understanding and appreciation of bats. This comprehensive project addressed the lack of knowledge concerning bat populations in the Scattered Islands while providing crucial insights for biodiversity conservation.

Duration: 20 months

Large scale Diadema Antillarum Restoration in Saba and St Eustatius

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Description: The project aimed to restock the Diadema Antillarum (sea-urchin) population in the Saba Marine Park, Saba National Park, and St Eustatius Marine Park, targeting specific patch reefs covering 300 m2 to mitigate algae overgrowth. Staff collected and nurtured approximately 800 Diadema settlers in an on-land nursery equipped with 18 settlers and 2 grow-out tanks. Within 6 months, a remarkable 100% survival rate was achieved, with observed growth averaging 1.5 cm. Despite initial success, a setback occurred when an attempt to restock 2 patch reefs totalling 60 m2 at an 8-metre depth with 200 sea urchins resulted in predation by hogfish within 2 days, preventing the restocking effort. Nonetheless, this project underscored successful nursery-rearing techniques, demonstrating potential for future reef restoration endeavours through the acquisition and nurturing of sea-urchin settlers. The project’s ultimate goal was to sustain the ecological and economic roles of the coral reefs within the region, addressing the critical issue of the algae population.

Duration: 19 months

Promoting culture for the benefit of nature preservation

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Description: The project focused on safeguarding Mount Panié’s natural and cultural heritage. Surrounding indigenous communities encountered environmental challenges impacting the forest ecosystem and crucial services like water and food supply. Concerns also existed regarding the potential loss of Kanak indigenous knowledge regarding biodiversity preservation. To counter these threats, the initiative prioritised integrating culture into environmental management practices. Strategies included creating a booklet detailing traditional environmental methods, translated into local languages, benefitting 154 individuals in enhancing their knowledge. Reforestation efforts were conducted across a degraded 1-hectare watershed area, engaging 40 volunteers and planting over 600 young plants encompassing 16 species – 11 forest trees and 5 endemics. Simultaneously, awareness campaigns used communication panels and workshops on video shooting and editing to underscore the intrinsic connection between culture and nature aiming to deepen comprehension across diverse audiences. These multifaceted endeavours aimed to mitigate environmental threats while highlighting the reciprocal relationship between cultural heritage and environmental conservation.

Duration: 21 months

Valleys of the Montagne des Sources: enabling citizen mobilisation to protect biodiversity

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Description: The project aimed to mitigate environmental threats at the critical “Montagne des Sources” site in New Caledonia, a pivotal water source housing rich biodiversity. Focused activities empowered local environmental associations to combat fires and invasive species. The initiative established recognised mobilisation methods and provided comprehensive training to four accredited associations, benefitting 18 volunteers. Additionally, two partnering organisations acquired essential firefighting equipment. An official mobilisation protocol for environmental protection groups was formulated and validated, enabling more effective interventions. Noteworthy outcomes included establishing a 6,000-hectare area under citizen fire surveillance, significantly enhancing intervention capabilities. The project’s success significantly fortified the community’s ability to address environmental hazards, safeguarding the site’s ecological integrity. Its impact extended beyond immediate conservation, setting a precedent for sustainable practices applicable to similarly sensitive ecosystems, and establishing a vital model for future endeavours in preserving high-stakes ecological landscapes.

Duration: 20 months

Characterisation of environmental pressure: light pollution in New Caledonia

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Description: The project was designed to equip New Caledonia’s environmental managers with comprehensive insights into the impact of light emissions on its natural environment. Despite limited prior studies, observations of seabirds near heavily lit areas suggested vulnerability during fledging, highlighting the repercussions of light pollution. This initiative facilitated informed decision-making by conducting the first evaluation of light pollution prevalence, laying the foundation for subsequent regulations and monitoring strategies. Spanning 18,575 km2, the assessment generated eight comprehensive New Caledonia-wide and two specific study maps depicting light pollution from 2014 to 2021. This documentation charted the spatiotemporal evolution over seven years, establishing a pivotal indicator. With eighteen categorised recommendations spanning four key areas, this initiative aimed to optimize light pollution management strategies. Culminating in a comprehensive report, the project disseminated critical findings regarding light pollution’s environmental impact in New Caledonia among pertinent stakeholders, fostering informed governance and facilitating future action.

Duration: 21 months

Vairao Rori Titi Project

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Description: The project was dedicated to preserving and managing the sustainable exploitation of white sea cucumber (Holothuria fuscogilva) species in French Polynesia through advancements in aquaculture practices. It aimed to comprehensively understand the species’ habitats and populations. Conducting surveys and identifying juvenile habitats in the Vairao lagoon were pivotal components, with collaboration from the Marine Resources Directorate and Pacific Community experts in defining sampling protocols for adult stocks. Local engagement played a crucial role in pinpointing suitable sites, particularly for juvenile sea cucumbers, ensuring community participation. Outcomes involved the comparison of three stock assessment methods across a 48-hectare coastal area, providing insights into cost-effectiveness, population counts, and equipment requirements. Collaborative efforts with local fishermen resulted in mapping 10 specific sites totalling 0.5 km2 within the lagoon, where adult sea cucumbers were located. Recorded stock densities ranged between 65 to 73 individuals per hectare, contributing valuable information to ascertain the technical feasibility of aquaculture, sea ranching, and sustainable exploitation of the species. The findings also highlighted potential areas for juvenile sea cucumber reseeding in Polynesian lagoons.

Duration: 21 months

Conservation of forest species of traditional interest and restoration of degraded forests in Wallis and Futuna

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Description: The project aimed to restore a degraded area of Caribbean pines (Pinus caribaea) into a conservation site for this species in Wallis, preserving endangered hardwood species crucial for local traditional and medicinal practices. The initiative encompassed the extraction of softwood, subsequent replanting (0.025 km2), and passive restoration (0.01 km2) to encourage natural regeneration for a diverse secondary forest. A total of 1,509 plants from 51 species were introduced, with observed natural regrowth contributing to a density of 604 plants per hectare (lower than the planned 800 plants/ha). The project also provided training to 36 individuals, enhancing their expertise. The resulting hardwood forest stands now serve as seed reservoirs supervised by authorities, promoting similar conservation projects across the territory. This effort not only safeguards the Wallisian forest and its biodiversity but also supports the community’s livelihood by preserving essential plant species.

Duration: 21 months

Reefs on the move

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Description: Pala Dalik marked its 10th anniversary by setting up a mobile exhibition focused on New Caledonia’s coral reefs, aiming to raise awareness and foster conservation efforts for these ecosystems. The initiative integrated innovative educational tools with established methods, targeting diverse audiences through cultural, environmental, scientific, and educational events across the territory. The exhibition showcased at 26 events, attracted approximately 2,000 attendees, with 500 participants surveyed through questionnaires. Notably, among 673 visitors at 10 local community events, there was an observed 80.6% knowledge increase regarding coral reefs post-exhibition. Similarly, 865 students from 10 school events exhibited a 75% increase in understanding, while 303 individuals from towns and villages demonstrated a significant 72.5% improvement following six events. This outreach underscored the project’s effectiveness in cultivating a deeper comprehension and engagement with coral reef conservation, influencing various demographics and promoting environmentally-conscious behaviours, thereby leaving a tangible impact on preserving these vital marine ecosystems.

Duration: 19 months

Preserving, restoring and enhancing native coastal vegetation in French Polynesia

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Description: The project focused on formulating an ecological restoration protocol for the Society Islands’ coastline in French Polynesia, addressing the impact of urbanisation and shoreline artificialisation through embarkments. Collaborating with botanical experts, the initiative aimed to devise a scientifically grounded restoration protocol while integrating nature-based solutions into coastal management to mitigate climate challenges and preserve the islands’ fragile biodiversity. The project established an experimental site dedicated to restoring coastal vegetation, enhancing comprehension of coastal ecosystems, and fostering awareness, particularly among secondary school students. Essential resources like the Plant Identification Guide for coastal area development were disseminated among stakeholders. Prioritising 45 native species for coastal and marshy area restoration, the guide facilitated restoration efforts. The project encompassed 14 school interventions, 6 training sessions, preliminary studies on coastal and marsh forests, and the establishment of a plant nursery. Approximately 1 hectare (50%) of coastal areas underwent restoration, with 18 planted species exhibiting survival rates ranging from 78-89%.

Duration: 19 months

The Opunohu Valley Lookout Trail

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Description: The project aimed to restore Moorea’s biodiversity and cultural ties by developing a botanical trail at a traditional lookout point in Opunohu Valley. This initiative integrated social, environmental, and economic aspects to revive and safeguard the forest ecosystem from invasive species. It emphasised public awareness, educating visitors about the local ecosystem’s delicacy, and fostering sustainable economic growth. Aligned with the region’s eco-tourism strategy, the 1.7km pedestrian trail exceeded initial plans, featuring 3 recreational areas, 8 viewpoints, and an area of 3,800m2. Additionally, 17,000m2 were cleared of invasive plants, with a 72% success rate re-introducing 360 out of 400 native plants. Signage, including 51 panels (39 informational, 12 directional), enhanced visitor guidance. Further efforts included installing a hive in the eco-museum and developing 9 games (5 interactive, 4 VR) for educational group visits. Sixteen training sessions benefitted around 49 individuals, contributing to the project’s comprehensive success.

Duration: 21 months

Strengthening the capacity of local populations for the restoration of degraded sites

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Description: This initiative focused on empowering local tribal communities in New Caledonia to contribute to the ecological restoration of mining sites impacted by ultramafic soils, covering 29% of the territory. Traditionally involved in ornamental or fruit tree cultivation rather than native species for restoration, these communities were incorporated into the production chain. Nine face-to-face interviews with 14 stakeholders facilitated diagnostic and feasibility studies. A comprehensive technical guide was developed, delineating seed collection, extraction, processing, and cultivation practices, and detailing 35 pioneer species. Two out of four tribes actively engaged in disseminating this guide. About 71 beneficiaries acquired the guide, while 100 volunteers – comprising 50% women and 40% youth – received training in ecological restoration techniques. The project bridged the knowledge gap for tribal communities, enabling their active participation and mastery of tools through training courses, marking a pivotal step toward inclusive and sustainable ecological restoration endeavours within the region’s mining-affected areas.

Duration: 20 months

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